لینک پرداخت و دانلود *پایین مطلب*
فرمت فایل:Word (قابل ویرایش و آماده پرینت)
تعداد صفحه17
A bridge is a structure built to span a gorge, valley, road, railroad track, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacle, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. Designs of bridges will vary depending on the function of the bridge and the nature of the terrain where the bridge is to be constructed.
History
bridges constructed from India to Lanka by the army of Rama. [2][3] The Arthashastra of Kautilya mentions the construction of dams and bridges.[4] A Mauryan bridge near Girnar was surveyed by James Princep.[5] The bridge was swept away during a flood, and later repaired by Puspagupta, the chief architect of emperor Chandragupta I.[5] The bridge also fell under the care of the Yavana Tushaspa, and the Satrap Rudra Daman.[5] The use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India by about the 4th century.[6] A number of bridges, both for military and commercial purposes, were constructed by the Mughal administration in India.[7]
The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the ancient Romans.[8] The Romans built arch bridges and aqueducts that could stand in conditions that would damage or destroy earlier designs. Some of them still stand today.[9] An example
تحقیق در مورد Bridges ، پل هل (لاتین )